In other words, if you told someone on the phone whom you had never met before that you are white, that single fact would not tell them much more about you. But if you told them that you are a Republican, they could reasonably assume that you are not black, lesbian, gay, transgender or bisexual, nonreligious or Jewish. And which party people belong to is important because there is some evidence that instead of people choosing their party affiliation based on their political views and changing parties if their views are no longer represented by that party , they shift their views to align with their party identity.
The clearest case of this might be polls showing Republicans with more favorable views of Russia and Vladimir Putin after the election.
But you can also see people molding their political opinions to their party on other issues. Opinions of the FBI , for example. The fourth looks at the relationship between polarization and practical policymaking , and the fifth digs deeper into how political participation both amplifies and reflects polarization. The data in this report are based on two independent survey administrations with the same randomly selected, nationally representative group of respondents.
The second involved impaneling a subset of these respondents into the newly created American Trends Panel and following up with them via a survey conducted by web and telephone. The two surveys are described separately, in further detail, in the About the Surveys section of the report.
It organizes the public into nine distinct groups, based on an analysis of their attitudes and values. Even in a polarized era, the survey reveals deep divisions in both partisan coalitions.
Use this tool to compare the groups on some key topics and their demographics. Pew Research Center now uses as the last birth year for Millennials in our work.
President Michael Dimock explains why. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts.
Newsletters Donate My Account. Research Topics. Many of those in the center remain on the edges of the political playing field … while the most ideologically oriented and politically rancorous Americans make their voices heard The rise of ideological uniformity has been much more pronounced among those who are the most politically active. What Polarization Looks Like To chart the progression of ideological thinking, responses to 10 political values questions asked on multiple Pew Research surveys since have been combined to create a measure of ideological consistency.
More Negative Views of the Opposing Party Beyond the rise in ideological consistency, another major element in polarization has been the growing contempt that many Republicans and Democrats have for the opposing party. Politics Gets Personal Liberals and conservatives share a passion for politics.
Next, please tell me whether you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of each of the following parties. How about the Democratic Party? How about the Republican Party? Looking ahead for the next few years, which political party do you think will do a better job of protecting the country from international terrorism and military threats -- the Republican Party or the Democratic Party?
Republican Party Democratic Party No difference vol. Looking ahead for the next few years, which political party do you think will do a better job of keeping the country prosperous -- the Republican Party or the Democratic Party?
In your view, do the Republican and Democratic parties do an adequate job of representing the American people, or do they do such a poor job that a third major party is needed?
Would you rather Donald Trump continue to be the leader of the Republican Party, or for the Republican Party to have a new leader? Do you think there are important differences between Republicans and Democrats on issues that matter to you, or do you think the two parties are pretty much the same? Can you please tell me one or two specific things you like about the Republican Party? Next, please tell me one or two specific things you dislike about the Republican Party?
The partisan gender gap developed in the s as men drifted toward the Republican Party; it widened in the Trump versus Clinton election. Much like racial resentment explains support for Mr. As issues like sexual assault gain prominence in the national political conversation, the combination of gender with other characteristics like age and marital status helps predict whether a voter describes himself or herself as a feminist — and that directly relates to party affiliation.
Democrats are more than twice as likely as Republicans to say the country needs more work to achieve gender equality. They affect how people identify , not just the other way around. Some people adjust their religious habits to better match their partisanship: For example, Republicans in search of other Republicans might start attending church more often.
Parties are sorting people, too, making cultural and racial rifts wider and harder to bridge. In fact, it might get worse. Nathan Kalmoe, a political scientist at Louisiana State University, has examined political parties during the most divided period in American history: the Civil War. The quiz and tree of demographic groups use data from the , and Cooperative Congressional Election Study. We applied a statistical technique called a regression tree to the self-reported party identification of respondents, including those who said they leaned toward a party but excluding independents.
The charts of party identification over time use data from the American National Election Studies , averaged over each four-year period from to except the charts of church attendance, class, income and age, which include data only through They include people who said they leaned toward a party. Please upgrade your browser. See next articles. By Sahil Chinoy. How demographics predict party affiliation Two questions about race and religion divide the population into distinct categories; others about education, age and sexuality splinter them further.
When identity aligns with party, politics gets more vicious. Personal identities have split the parties From to , white men who attended church frequently were 6 percentage points more likely to be a Democrat than a Republican. Source: American National Election Studies. Can a religious, white Republican Party survive?
Among white Americans:. Catholics have moved right. Religiosity has become more divisive. The race gap persists. Only white Americans:.
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